Al- Aqsa Mosque Essay -- essays research papers

The Noble Sanctuary is a huge site with a hallowed mosque and a consecrated altar inside its dividers, held in Jerusalem, for the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions. The Noble Sanctuary, which incorporates the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque, speaks to the penances and difficulties numerous individuals have looked during the time that shaped our reality in to what it is today. The Jews and the Christians remain as a cherished memory to them for The Noble Sanctuary, however the size and pertinence of this spot is most noteworthy with the Muslims. It identifies with their extraordinary last prophet Muhammad, who they accept, was sent from God and set up Islam. Al-Aqsa Mosque, the hallowed mosque inside the Noble Sanctuary, obliges the Dome of the Rock in recognizing Muhammad and Muhammad’s Night Journey into Heaven. The sanctum itself was not a strict spot of love; the Dome of the Rock was exclusively an altar. Al-Aqsa Mosque was worked to satisfy the strict needs of M uslims. It was constructed, spatially, close the sanctuary’s nearest divider to Mecca, to offer appreciation to the â€Å"holy city†, where so Muhammad initially began lecturing and where so much history happened, contributing intensely to Islamic religion of today.      Al-Aqsa Mosque would not have been manufactured on the off chance that it were not for the structure of the Dome of the Rock. The Dome of the Rock was started in the core of Jerusalem around 684 C.E and was at last finished in 691 C.E during the Umayyad Dynasty. The ninth Caliph, Abd al-Malik, a replacement of the extraordinary prophet Muhammad, constructed the haven to recollect the Prophet, who 1 set up the Islamic religion.# The Dome of the Rock is the point of convergence of the Noble Sanctuary. It is an octagonal molded structure with a huge arch that rests on the structure. Spatially, it lies in the focal point of the Noble Sanctuary. The Dome is designed with brilliant mosaics that delineate the occasions that happened in the 6th and seventh hundreds of years before the Dome was made. Within is a sight of excellence; the magnificence that some state no one but God can show Muslims. It has columns, curves, and segments that go around the outside of the brilliant vault. The windows are of recolored glass that sparkles when the sun radiates through them and they anticipate impeccableness on those columns, curves, and sections. The Dome likewise contains Arabic calligraphy all around within the Dome, with re... ... case of crushing a structure and a whole gathering fighting back for the hurt and obliteration is September eleventh when the Taliban willingly volunteered to self destruction bomb the World Trade Centers. All of America was crushed and most Americans needed to seek retribution. The Taliban realized they would agitate us by doing that. The Americans thought that it was merciless, and the Taliban prevailing with regards to making Americans frantic. Sacrosanct spots are held near the core of those that they are hallowed to.      The Al-Aqsa Mosque is a spot that epitomizes what a Muslim could and ought to resemble. With all the history and battling in Jerusalem, the Muslims required a spot that celebrated their religion, and that is the thing that the Al-Aqsa Mosque does. You can offer your appreciation to Muhammad at the Dome of the Rock sanctuary, however you can't purge yourself and go to Allah there. The Al-Aqsa Mosque shows you the historical backdrop of Islam, the practices, Muhammad and his battles, 7 furthermore, offers appreciation to Mecca. Qualities, excellencies, and proceeded with ummah were found out and polished through the Al-Aqsa Mosque, permitting the Islamic religion to prosper into one of the biggest rehearsing religions of today.

Life Cycle of a Group Essay Example

Life Cycle of a Group Essay Point: Discuss the existence pattern of a gathering, demonstrating how the procedure associated with each stage can influence the general adequacy of any gathering in the exhibition of an alloted task. A gathering is an assortment of at least two individuals who, over some stretch of time create shared standards of conduct, are associated, and communicate with one another to accomplish some shared objective or set of objectives. There are two kinds of gatherings in particular; a conventional gathering and a casual gathering. For instance, a proper gathering in an association is intentionally framed to accomplish explicit targets. This is accomplished through association, co-appointment and assignment of outstanding task at hand inside the gathering. Inside a conventional gathering exist set guidelines and methods to be clung to, all data is proclaimed and observed. Every single proper gathering have a conventional purpose of beginning and an end point. A casual gathering anyway is shaped by close to home inclinations and fulfills mental and social needs (Mullins, L. 2005). An absence of authentic data will rapidly uncover casual gatherings inside an association. The grape vine will go data quickly through the association. This slices through the organization’s structure disregarding the proper channels of correspondence. The gathering individuals are spread across offices; they might be companions who eat, or smokers who meet outside the structure. This systems administration is casual, and can profit the individual part; each gathering has its own way of life. These gatherings are cross sectional, and are shaped with no association from the proper structure (Mullins, L. 2005). As indicated by B. W. We will compose a custom exposition test on Life Cycle of a Group explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Life Cycle of a Group explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Life Cycle of a Group explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Tuckman (1965), as a gathering creates towards a successful, gainful and solid group it will go through various particular and normal arrangements of stages. Each stage has both explicit an assignment and socio-intense subject matters. Information on these stages and important practices can help incredibly in the comprehension of the requirements of the gathering. By getting this, one can pose the correct inquiries to find at what stage the group is and what should be done to advance its turn of events. The five phases of a group’s life cycle as characterized by B. W. Tuckman (1965) are shaping, raging, norming, performing and deferring. Every one of these stages is remarkable and is portrayed by its own arrangement of particular practices and issues for the group and the pioneer (Tony Chapman et al). The principal phase of the existence pattern of a gathering is a phase usually alluded to as â€Å"forming† or testing and reliance stage. Shaping is the underlying gathering phase of proposed individuals from the gathering simply meeting up. The term â€Å"testing† alludes to an endeavor by bunch individuals to find what relational practices are worthy in the gathering dependent on the responses of other gathering individuals. It is at this originally set of experiences the individuals from the gathering choose expressly on the reason for the development of the gathering and formal guidelines might be set. At this stage, individuals build up base level desires, standards and sort shared objectives that are settled upon. The gathering likewise starts the procedure of contact and holding, and improvement of trust inside its individuals. Individuals distinguish similitudes in conduct and may even shape sub gatherings or even partners dependent on such likenesses or contrasts. Singular jobs and duties are typically not set and still indistinct to its individuals. This shaping phase of the gathering, additionally alluded to as the â€Å"childhood† phase of the gathering in view of its reliance, is frequently portrayed by sentiment of bashfulness, vulnerability, tension, expectation and restraint among the individuals. An extravert part may quickly expect an administration (B. W. Tuckman) so as to begin movement of the gathering. The authority of the gathering be that as it may, can be set either by chamber, individuals from the gathering themselves or initiative of the gathering should be possible at the same time, however should be done so as to give a type of structure to the gathering. There is typically high reliance on the group’s pioneer for direction and bearing, and little concurrence on the group’s points other than those which are gotten from the pioneer. The pioneer of the gathering must be set up to respond to inquiries concerning the group’s reason, destinations and outer connections (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Consequently without the speedy foundation or choice of an innovator in this phase of the group’s life cycle may make the gathering deteriorate, along these lines incapable to push ahead with its doled out assignment. The second phase of the group’s life cycle is alluded to as â€Å"storming† or the â€Å"adolescent† phase of the gathering. Raging is a time of racer for position, authority and impact among individuals (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Colleagues compete for position as they endeavor to set up themselves comparable to other colleagues and the pioneer, who may get difficulties from colleagues. Now of the â€Å"storming† procedure, individuals may test the resistance of the framework and may challenge the administration and control of the gathering. Such difficulties might be achieved by other extravert individuals who needed a chance to be the pioneer, or might be realized by sub gatherings or clubs that were shaped inside the gathering itself. With this making of a force battle inside the gathering, the underlying leader(s) may not endure this period since he might be removed or compelled to pull back his initiative by different individuals from the gathering. At the point when such questions emerge, the movement of the group’s life cycle deteriorates and will be not able to push ahead with its alloted task until such issues are managed and settled upon collectively inside the gathering. Aside from force and control contrasts at this period of the group’s life, entomb bunch strife is predominant in this stage. Strife and strain may result as gathering individuals and sub bunches become antagonistic towards one another as a methods for communicating their independence and opposing the development of the gathering structure (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Cooperation is lopsided and â€Å"infighting† is normal. The absence of solidarity might be a remarkable component existing in this stage, hence dynamic turns into a troublesome undertaking. One of the most significant components at this stage is to determine any contentions inside the gathering by authorizing the standards of correspondence set up in the past stage. By getting the gathering to re-center around the objectives of the given assignments and abstain from getting diverted by relationship and intense subject matters, the more probable movement will come to pass to the following phase of advancement. The third stage in the existence pattern of a gathering is alluded to as â€Å"norming† or the â€Å"adulthood† stage. Having sifted through its inward structure, there is then the issue of what the gathering depend on. What conduct and commitment is worthy and what isn’t. Individuals investigate behind the force procedures and start to shape some thought of the group’s personality; the ‘group in the mind’. This is once in a while done unequivocally, obviously, and it can promptly slip once again into raging (Atherton J. S. ), causing relapse of the gathering. Norming elevates receptiveness to other gathering individuals and the improvement of cohesiveness and that ‘in-group’ sentiment of belongingness. Understanding and accord is to a great extent shaped among the gathering, who react well to help by the gathering chief. This can be credited to the standards of collaboration are full fledged at this specific stage and individuals from the gathering start to go along. Gathering individuals acknowledge the gathering and acknowledge the eccentricities of individual individuals. The gathering turns into a substance by ethicalness of its acknowledgment by the individuals, their craving to keep up and propagate it and the foundation of new gathering produced standards to protect the gatherings presence. Concordance is of greatest significance, and assignment clashes are maintained a strategic distance from to safeguard amicability (B. W. Tuckman et al) and the token of enrollment begins to happen. Jobs and obligations are clear and acknowledged, just as the procedure for the taking care of issues is likewise settled. Choices are settled on by bunch understanding, through the procedure of exchange and accord building. At this phase of the gathering solidarity and responsibility is solid and common help is conceivable, since bunch individuals want to accomplish a similar errand. The group examines and builds up its procedures and working style. Since the principle objective of attachment and general regard for the pioneer is accomplished, a portion of the authority is likewise shared by the group, where littler choices might be assigned to people or sub bunches inside the gathering. At this specific phase of a group’s improvement, individuals from the gathering should be careful that a solid sentiment of cohesiveness doesn't abrogate the sensible examination of choices reasons for activity. This procedure is alluded to as â€Å"groupthink†. Mindless conformity, a term instituted by social clinician, happens when a gathering settles on flawed choices since bunch pressures lead to a weakening of â€Å"mental productivity, reality testing, and good judgment†. Gatherings influenced by mindless compliance disregard options and will in general take nonsensical activities that dehumanize different gatherings. A gathering is particularly helpless against oblivious compliance when its individuals are comparative in foundation, when the gathering is protected from outside feelings, and when there are no unmistakable principles for dynamic (Irving Janis 1972). It can likewise happen when individuals have confidence in the rightness of their

Adventures in Camberville

Adventures in Camberville (For those who dont know/cant figure out, Camberville is a reference to Cambridge and its neighbor Somerville) The weather here sucks. It has been 45 degrees and raining for the last week. Yes, this is relevant to my story. Saturday night, I was going to Rax 04s house because Id heard that Anna 02 (like Rax, an alum of my hall, and now a grad student at Caltech) was in town and going to be there. I like Anna, and with her being in Pasadena, I dont get to see her that often, so I figured Id make the trek out to Davis Square via the T (the Boston subway line). The rain was annoying, but hey, its not that far from the Davis station to most alums houses that I visit. However, when I got there, I discovered that Id mistaken the date, and Anna was not in fact in town, but still in Pasadena. I felt dumb, but I hung out at Raxs house for a few hours. No harm done. A little after midnight I went to catch the last T home. My timing, sadly, was off. The last T left about two minutes before I got there. I spent a while standing in the station and cursing. If Id had the money, I would have taken a cab, but the three dollars in my pocket wouldnt exactly get me very far. I realized that I would have to walk. Really, I like walking, so I wouldnt have considered this a problem, except that 1) it was 45 degrees and raining, and 2) I had no idea how to actually get home walking from Davis. I discovered that there was a small and poorly-detailed map in the Davis station. It had the subway lines and a few major roads. Hmm, I thought. If I can get to Mass Ave, Ill be fine. Mass Ave is south of here, near Porter Square. Elm Street appears to take me south from this station. Therefore, I will walk down Elm Street. I started down Elm Street. There were even enough buildings with small overhangs that I could occasionally be partially shielded from the rain. I walked down Elm for a while, and noticedthe Porter Square Shopping Center! Hooray! Suddenly I knew where I was. I walked across the parking lot and to the Porter T station, which is right next to Mass Ave. There are shorter ways from Porter to MIT than Mass Ave. I discovered one last time I got lost in Camberville going to or from an alums house (Note to everyone: Just because [street number, street name] exists in Somerville does not mean that it does not also exist in Cambridge, and you should be sure that the one you searched Yahoo Maps for is in the correct city before you follow Yahoos directions). But this time, I was more concerned with having a route that I knew would get me home correctly, even if it was a little longer. Mass Ave. By this time, I was pretty wet. I looked at a nearby shop. The address in the window said 1810 Massachusetts Avenue. MIT is 77 Mass Ave. Oh, thats depressing, I thought, resolving not to look at any more addresses until Id made substantial progress. I told myself that I was being silly. I would have no objections to this walk if it was warm and not raining. Im wearing a trenchcoat, I told myself, so Im a lot drier than I could have been. And theres no real reason that being wet should bother me, other than my brain deciding that being wet is bad! I will just enjoy the walk and not worry about the rain! I was pleased to be able to report that Harvard Square was still there, right where I left it last time I came on a dinner mob to Bartleys. Okay, I figured, this is a walk Ive made before, so it should be trivial. Which it was. It just took a long time. Once I got to the intersection of Mass Ave and Main, there was road work, so I turned down Main. Eventually I came to building 46, where I work. I was suddenly thankful that, even though it took more than half a term, I was able to get card access to the heavily-secured building, and cut through it. After that, I cut through a few more buildings, and finally got back home, at nearly 2AM. I think the lesson here is to be careful about how you time your travels when youre relying on the Ts schedule. Well, the other lesson is that, even in a bad situation where it feels like youre stuck, you can find your way out if you keep your head and use the knowledge and sense that you have. Also, leather trenchcoats are water-resistant.

About Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1535 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/12 Category Religion Essay Level High school Topics: Christianity Essay Islam Essay Judaism Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Human beings have been curious for long about the purpose and meaning of life. Religions have tried to bring this curiosity to an end by providing them with an answer about a higher and powerful source, identifying this greater domination as God. Some religions believe in the existence of one God. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About Judaism, Christianity, and Islam" essay for you Create order These faiths are known as a monotheistic religion. Examples of such religions are Christianity, Judaism, and Islam (Armstrong). Each religion possess a different perspective on beliefs and teachings; they have one thread in common which is believing in one God. In this research paper, I will discuss the historical perspective of each religion, their similarities and their differences. History of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Judaism The history of Judaism started way back in 1200 B.C. The initial nomads who lived in Canaan near Egypt were nomads. The Jewish patriarchs (leaders) as well as prophets (inspired teachers) were committed to the almighty God (Armstrong). They emphasized on complete obedience and commitment to Yahweh by strictly adhering to moral law or code of conduct. The Jewish holy text is known as Tenakh, what the Christians call Old Testament. Within the holy text of Tanakh lies five books of Torah, which starts with creation story of the universe by Gods word (Peters). The Torah mainly talk about early Hebrews and Yahweh communicating with Moses. According to the holy text, this communication created laws on both worship as well as daily life. The Torah is essential in the Jewish worship. In the synagogue during worship, the rabbi removes the Torah while rolled to a scroll from ark in form of cupboard. He then carries the scroll while covered with silver crown and with a lectern (Peters). The Rabbi then opens the scroll and read to the congregation. Christianity Christianity began as an offshoot of Judaism around first century C. E. Early Christian communities were usually prosecuted until in 324 C.E. when the Roman Emperor, Constantine was converted to a Christian (Armstrong). Then Roman Empire then turned to the Holy Roman Empire. The capital city of the Holy Roman Empire moved to Constantinople from Rome. Development of Christian groups was due to small and large splits. For instance, the Orthodox Church together its leaders (patriarch) split and parted way with Roman Catholic Church in 1054 C.E. due to doctrinal and political differences. Around 16th century, Martin Luther was upset by the Catholic papacy corruption (Peters). He led a reformation movement which resulted in the establishment of Protestantism. Christians believe in and view Jesus Christ as both the Messiah as well as Son of God. According to them, Jesus Christ is the savior of the universe. Christianity initially began as a sect of Judaism. They embraced numerous Judaic practices and views. After Jesus died, Christians were able to differentiate themselves from Jewish. The rapid growth of Christianity as a religion in the early years was because of a Greek-speaking Jew and a Roman known as Saul of Tarsus and who later became St. Paul (Peters). He preached immensely and started more churches in Turkey, the Middle East as well as Greece. Today, Christianity has really grown and is an influential religious force in the universe especially in the west. The holy book in Christianity is called the Bible. It is divided into Old Testament and New Testament. It has 66 books of the Judeo-Christian Scriptures. The New Testament has 26 books as well as letters which interprets parts of Tenakh from the Christians viewpoint (Peters). Currently, Christianity is the largest religion in the world. It is more evenly spread around the universe. Islam Islam started around early seventh century C.E. It started in settled desert community of Mecca, which is the current Saudi Arabia. Islam developed from both cultural values of nomadic Bedouin Arabian tribes and Judeo-Christian tradition (Gilman). Islam expanded and spread to regions which were controlled by Byzantine Empire (comprising of Orthodox and Greek-speaking Christians with diverse population) as well as Sassanian Empire (Persian-speaking and Zoroastrian but also diverse). Around mid-eighth century, Islam had widely spread into Europe, North America, East, and Central Asia. Islam religion continued to grow and spread in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. The origin and growth of Islam religion can be attributed to Prophet Mohammed. The prophets teachings directly expressed and represented the will of Allah. (Peters). They also believe that their God, Allah spoke through traditional prophets such as Moses and Jesus before He enlightened Mohammed. Islam is currently the second largest religion in the entire universe. Similarities between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are monotheistic religions, and they worship one God who is the God of Abraham, Moses, and Adam and the lord, sustainer, as well as creator of the universe. The three faiths share a common belief of oneness of God, angels, sacred history (history as theater of activities of God as well as experience of humankind and God), divine revelation prophets and Satan (Peters). The three faiths also stress accountability, moral responsibility, eternal reward, Judgment Day and punishment. All the three faiths stress their unique covenant with God; Christianitys covenant through Jesus Christ, Judaisms covenant through Moses and Islams covenant through Muhammad. Peace is essential to all the three religions. This can be historically reflected in the way they use similar greetings with the similar meaning peace be upon you. These greetings are pax vobiscum for Christianity, Shalom Aleichem for Judaism and salaam alaikum for Islam (Gilman). The origins of the three religions are southwest Asia. Christianity and Judaism originated from Israel and Islam from the Middle East. They share most of their history and most prophets. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are united by core values such as modesty, honesty, and devotion to God. Leaders of the three religions including King David, Joshua, Richard the Lion-Hearted, Constantine, Saladin, and Muhammad have all engaged in a holy war to defend or spread their empires or communities (Armstrong). The joining of politics and faith still exist in modern time though they manifest in different ways as seen in South Africa, the Middle East, Israel, America, and Northern Ireland. Differences between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam †¹One of the main difference existing between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is their view or perception of Jesus Christ. According to Christianity, Jesus Christ is the son of God as well as the Messiah. Islam religion consider Jesus Christ as a prophet, and they dont believe in His resurrection (Aman). Judaism does not believe or recognize Jesus Christ as the son of God as well as the Messiah. †¹Christianity puts its emphasis on theology. Historically, in Christianity, cleavages, and disputes in the community originated from theological beliefs, i.e., relationships of Jesus Christ, humankind and divine natures or nature of the Trinity (Peters). Judaism and Islam, on the other hand, put their emphasis on practice instead of belief and law instead of dogma. The main religious discipline in Islam and Judaism has been religious law (Aman). The major debates and disagreements in Islam and Judaism were among scholars of religious laws over religious practice matters. †¹Christianity believes in the Holy Bible, both the Old Testament and New Testament. They do not believe or recognize the Holy Quran. Judaism believes in the Hebrew/Tenakh Bible. Torah is the Old Testament. They dont believe in The Holy Quran or the New Testament. Islam believes that the Gospel and Torah are Holy Scriptures whose messages of the Old and New Testament have already been corrupted by humankind. Islam believes in Holy Quran (Aman). †¹Christianity and Judaism believe that Jesus Christ was crucified. Islam believes that Jesus was never crucified and he did not die. According to Islam religion, Jesus ascended bodily to Heaven. Christianity believes in resurrection of Jesus Christ. Judaism does not believe in resurrection of Jesus Christ as they did not believe in him as the Son of God (Gilman). Islam doesnt believe in resurrection of Jesus Christ because according to them, he never died. Christianity believes that Jesus Christ was the Messiah. Judaism and Islam believe that the Messiah will come in the future and it is not Jesus Christ. Conclusion Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are among the most influential and popular religions in the history of the world. We have seen that Judaism large like Islam and Christianity. However, its effects on the world have been felt. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all considered Abrahamic religions. This is because they all worship and believe in the God of Abraham. They call their God different names due to language differences. They share numerous similar qualities. The three religions believe that God created the universe. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are fiercely monotheistic. Despite numerous similarities, they have differences, and that is the reason they are not the same. These differences can be seen in their history, worship, and study. Work Cited Aman, Israa. The monotheistic faiths: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Philadelphia: Mason Crest, 2017. Armstrong, Karen. A history of God: The 4,000-year quest of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Ballantine Books, 2011. Gilman, Sander L., ed. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: Collaboration and Conflict in the Age of Diaspora. Hong Kong University Press, 2014. Peters, Francis E. The Children of Abraham: Judaism, Christianity, Islam. Vol. 34. Princeton University Press, 2018.

The Equator Principle, A Risk Management Framework...

The equator principle, a risk management framework designed and adopted for financial institutions that requires those who are bound by this code to carefully measure, determine, and think through the environmental and social implications of a project and make the proper procedures to ensure that debtor it is loaning the money to exercise a pretty high standard of care before financing the said project. The equator principle sets a minimum standard of due diligence to support responsible decision making for these financial institutions before making a loan. Currently, there are 80 financial institutions who have adopted the equator principle. Among these financial institutions is the third largest bank by market capitalisation in Australia†¦show more content†¦Phnom Penh Sugar, the sugar plantation behind these dreadful news is a company owned by Cambodian tycoon and ruling party senator Ly Yong Phat, who with the help from ANZ Bank, has successfully transformed 20,000 hectares of land in the once peaceful Kampong Speu province in Cambodia, the country’s most impoverished region, into the largest sugar operation in Cambodia. These news leaves the impression to the public eye, especially the analysts, investors, and stakeholders, that the banking giant’s desire to portray itself as an ethical bank, as a bank that is a signatory to various internationally renowned standards that are committed to social and environmental sustainability is less than serious. Modern times requires the need for modern managers, and these modern managers are required to have a high sensitivity about issues concerning ethical behaviour and social responsibility due to increasing pressure from interest groups, legal bodies, government officials, media coverage, and the public. A manager’s level of thinking about corporate social responsibility ranges from â€Å"To make a profit is the only responsibility of a business† to â€Å"It is also within an organisation’s responsibilities to assume responsibility for its impact on society† Proactive responsibility is present when an organisation assumes responsibilities that go above and beyond what its immediate responsibilities areShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics : Australian And New Zealand Banking Group2923 Words   |  12 Pageswith ethics principles. The case study part focus on values and principles within the banking industry, and canalise the subject into ANZ Case. 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A Sense Of Life Satisfaction Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(30) " scene is basically relevant\." The survey of quality of life, self directed larning and issues of psychological, physical, societal and economic position in older grownups have been of import countries of research over the past few decennaries ( Maddox and Wiley, 1996 ) . Such researches have led to the development of schemes to maximise capacity and potency to cover with the jobs and procedures associated with ripening. At the same clip surveies of relationship between ego directed acquisition and geriatrics have been fuelled. We will write a custom essay sample on A Sense Of Life Satisfaction Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Development of graduated tables like Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale – SDLRS ( Guglielmino, 1997 ) which aim to measure the preparedness of a individual to self-learn hold well increased the attending in the field of gerontology instruction literature. Surveies by Hassan ( 1991 ) and McCoy ( 1992 ) reflect straight relative relationship between grownup ‘s age and impulse to command learning.A However, for the older grownups there have been no published histories to echo the comparing between the tonss of SDLRS and quality of life. Though Dowden ( 2008 ) laid down that larning attempts consequence in improved life quality, it is now of import to find relationship between steps of life quality and preparedness for autonomous acquisition. Therefore, the focal point of the paper would be to analyze such relationships. A Problem Statement A The present probe is based on a double job as evident from the debut and subsequently supported by the reappraisal of literature. The job countries are listed below. Some older grownups through ego directed learning overcome hurdlings to keep their province of good being, while most other older grownups find themselves awkward to keep this province. Better apprehension of why merely a few older grownups opt for autonomous acquisition to fulfill their intrinsic demands. A Measures of quality of life and leaning to larn vary well among the old aged grownups and these discrepancies form the evidences of the job countries under survey. Validating a nexus between willingness on autonomous acquisition and life quality can so put down the foundations of utilizing self directed acquisition as a scheme to keep high province of good being in older grownups. A Purpose/Objectives A This paper will specifically concentrate on two wide aims based on the job countries. Furthermore, since, non much has been published about grownup ‘s ego directed acquisition, hence, the research intent will be completed by a 3rd aim. To find and analyze the assorted considerations and methods in analyzing autonomous acquisition. To analyze the relationship between avidity for acquisition and quality of life in older grownups. To analyze the relationship between older grownup ‘s demographic variables and extent of autonomous acquisition preparedness. Hypothesiss A The undermentioned hypotheses were constituted to steer the analysis of informations. There is a positive relationship between avidity for acquisition and quality of life. There is a important difference in autonomous acquisition preparedness and quality of life of institutionalised topics and community based sample. There is a important relationship between older grownup ‘s demographic variables and extent of autonomous acquisition preparedness. Definition of Key Footings A Quality of Life – The World Health Organization defines Quality of life as â€Å" an person ‘s perceptual experience of their place in life in the context of the civilization and value systems in which they live and in relation to their ends, outlooks, criterions and concerns. It is a wide ranging construct affected in a complex manner by the individual ‘s physical wellness, psychological province, personal beliefs, societal relationships and their relationship to salient characteristics of their environment † ( Oort, 2005 ) . Older AdultA – for the intent of the survey, any individual above the age of 60 old ages is defined as an older grownup. A Reappraisal of Literature A A Campbell ( 1991 ) stated that quality of life is a obscure term and can non be explained by a individual precise definition. While Kalish ( 1995 ) discussed four important constructs of quality of life in relation to geriatrics: A sense of life satisfaction at the present age A socially acknowledged manner of life for the senior citizens. A sense of felicity with one ‘s activities and societal position. Care of desirable activities of mid-life. ( p.60 ) A A This reflects a important relationship between geriatrics and quality of life where quality of life is viewed as a â€Å" major constituent † of successful ripening ( Leonard, 1982 ) . Later, Larson ( 1998 ) associated successful aging with province of wellbeing and stated that the latter is a â€Å" positive emotionalism experienced by older individuals. † ( 1998, p. 109 ) . Therefore, quality of life can be viewed as one ‘s sense of psychosocial wellbeing. A Subsequently, to make off with the restrictions of unidimensional graduated tables of quality of life and the multidimensional Quaity of Life Index A -QLIA ( Neugarten, et Al. 1961 ) , Salamon and Conte ( 1991 ) published a new step of quality of life. An Indian version of the same viz. â€Å" Scale K – Quality of Life inA the Aged † ( SKQLE ) contains 25items in five long Likert subscales viz. , â€Å" positive ego construct † , â€Å" positive affectivity † , â€Å" prosecuting a meaningful life † , â€Å" conformance in achieved and desired ends † and â€Å" control over learning activities † and 15 points in three short subscales viz. , â€Å" societal interactions † , â€Å" physiological and psychosocial wellness † and â€Å" economic stableness † . ( Khullar and Rai, 2009 ) For the intent of the present survey SKQLE was employed for two grounds. It was standardised on the population under survey i.e. in the Indian context The factors of the graduated table can be linked to geriatric instruction literature and/or preparedness for ego directed acquisition. In the undermentioned subdivisions, the SKQLE, proposed for informations aggregation in this survey, is discussed in item. In 1971, Tough categorized the attacks to analyze self directed larning phenomena for older grownups as learning undertakings ( Tough, 1971 ) . Later it was categorized as qualitative or autonomous preparedness ( Passmore, 1986 ) . Evidence based research findings reflected a wide scope of parametric quantities like psychosocial factors significantly correlate with ego directed learning preparedness. Based on the debut, besides the survey of quality of life of older people in context to residential scene is basically relevant. You read "A Sense Of Life Satisfaction Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Findingss suggest that quality of life is significantly better in community sample than in a sample from institutionalised and long term attention puting ( Wolk and Telleen, 1999 ) . Furthermore, they published that the degree of quality is determined by other correlatives of the residential scene of the older grownups. Methodology This subdivision includes a elaborate treatment on the methodological analysis proposed for intent of the present research. Research Design A An Ex station facto research design has been used for the present survey. A The survey will therefore affect informations aggregation on the two aforementioned variables and any differences determined will reflect the fluctuation of consequences in rating attempts in conformity to self directed larning preparedness tonss, gender, residential scenes, age, and quality of life tonss without any use from the research worker ‘s terminal. Location A The research is conceptualized maintaining in head the population of old aged grownups in India. However, with respect to the fluctuations in socioeconomic position and other demographic elements, it is necessary to specify the survey scene. The survey, therefore, includes older grownups populating in two scenes. One, elderly in place scenes in Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, who require minimum support and receive attention and other in senior citizen ‘s Grih Seva Sansthan, Lucknow, who do non necessitate twenty-four hours attention and are largely retired and self prolonging citizens. This puting facilitates placing the two groups mentioned in the proposed survey and besides aids in informations aggregation. Population and Sampling Plan To reflect upon the population, it was determined that 284 people of 60 old ages of age or older live in place scenes while 366 reside in the Grih Seva Sansthan ( institutionalised scene ) . A From both scenes, a entire random sample of 200 people will be drawn utilizing a random tabular array. The sample shall represent 100 people from each scene. This sample will guarantee a normal distribution of tonss in SKQLE and SDLRS because of a satisfactory cross subdivision of topics in footings of age, gender, socio-economic position and residential scenes. The information therefore obtained will assist statistical comparings for the declared hypotheses. A Data Collection Procedures To mensurate an independent variable, a dependent variable and other moderator variables two instruments shall been employed in the proposed survey. The graduated tables shall be distributed personally by the research worker and the location helper. Explanations shall be provided to those necessitating farther elucidations on the signifier. After a hebdomad ‘s clip, the research worker and location helper shall roll up the signifiers from the sample and thank them for their co-operation. A Independent VariableA – The independent variable under survey is the Quality of Life, which shall be measured utilizing the Scale K of Quality of Life in Elderly ( SKQLE ) . Dependent VariableA – Readiness for ego directed acquisition is the dependent variable in the proposed survey. Moderating VariablesA -A The present research includes three moderator variables- residential scene, gender and age. Tools Scale K – Quality of Life inA the Aged † ( SKQLE ) has been developed by Khullar and Rai ( 2009 ) . It is a self study stock list incorporating 43 points out of which 40 points are divided into short and long graduated tables, all concentrating on measuring of quality of life, as mentioned in the reappraisal of literature. The other three points assess the moderating variables. The manual shows the internal dependability coefficient of the graduated table as 0.93 while the trial retest dependability coefficient is 0.84. There is no reference the cogency of the graduated table. Give this restriction, SKQLE is still widely accepted owing to its high dependability coefficient and possible attack to mensurate the variables of quality of life. The Hindi interlingual rendition of Self Directed Learning Readiness Scale ( SDLRS ) has been employed in the proposed survey to mensurate the dependent variable. Guglielmino ( 1997 ) developed this graduated table to measure the perceptual experiences of the topics about the extent to which they possess attributes indispensable for ego directed acquisition. It is a 58-item Likert graduated table, with a reported dependability coefficient of.87 and a high internal and prognostic cogency. Datas Analysis A For the intent of analysis of informations, the hypotheses are shown in void signifier and different methods of analysis are proposed. There is no important relationship between avidity for acquisition and quality of life. There is no important difference in autonomous acquisition preparedness and quality of life of institutionalised topics and community based sample. There is no important difference in autonomous acquisition preparedness and quality of life in males and females. There is no important difference in autonomous acquisition preparedness and quality of life based on age. A The first hypothesis will be tested with a Pearson correlativity coefficient. The 2nd and 3rd hypotheses will be tested by chi-square, and 4th by t-test at.05 degree of significance. A corporate proving shall follow utilizing Analysis Of Variance ( ANOVA ) A Significance of the survey There have been extended surveies on the variables of quality of life and leaning for autonomous acquisition. But there have been no important surveies that have studied the two together and reported it in the context of older people. The research therefore proposed is important to set up a relationship between the two variables taking into history the extent to which the demographic variables act upon the preparedness for larning. It shall besides spread out the cognition base in context of older grownups as possible scholars. Schemes can be founded on its consequences to magnify the potency of older people to cover efficaciously with the jobs of old age and bettering quality of life. A Restrictions A Owing to the heterogeneousness of the older population, certain sections might be overlooked or can non be included hence, the generalizability of the consequences of the survey remains geographically limited. The independent and dependent variable are non concrete concepts but subjective perceptual experiences about one ‘s accomplishments to add value to life, therefore the consequences of the survey may be affected by dysfunctional beliefs about oneself. In absence of information about the cogency of SKQLE, the survey faces a restriction of formalizing what the tool purports to mensurate. Though at that place in information about high dependability of the tool, merely future researches with other sample and tools may steer better cognition of the constructs being studied in the proposed research. 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Please Do Not Plagiarism My Paper Essays - Family,

Please do not plagiarism my paper The Three Key Concepts of Sociology Applied to Analyzing Single-Parent Families What is the term family? What does it mean? Who decides what makes up a family? The definition of family means "a set of relations especially parents and children" (American Century Dictionary 205). This might include anyone related to by blood or by adoption such as: step parents, grandparents acting as parents, and even brothers and sisters sometimes sharing the same household. The term family has been believed to coincide with the word "marriage". If you were to have a family, you were also thought to have a husband or wife. This was thought to be the norm for many centuries. This was named the "institutional family." But we have reinvented the word family. A family can consist of single parent family, step family, or a first marriage family. The role of the family is also a key concept in defining the family (Doherty 11). "In all societies the first major agent of socialization for most individuals is the family" (Thompson and Hickey 105). It is the nucleus of American life. The role of the American family is much the same as in any other country. Each family member has to fulfill his or her own part. Being a father, a mother, or a daughter. The mass media will have an influence on the family's role. For instance, the media has portrayed men to be thought of as the "bread-winner". To more or less support the family. This family type was atypical of the American family. This was called the "Traditional Nuclear Family." This kind of ideology has existed for centuries (Thompson and Hickey 386). But of all family types, single parent families have made the most gains during the past few decades. According to a sociological book called Society in Focus, the definition of a single parent family is "families in which one parent resides with and cares for one or more children" (387). "Researches estimate that a century ago one in three children spent part of their childhood in a single parent home" (384). This estimate is taken during the colonial period of America. More families in the twenty-first century will be single parent. This is because of the factor of people getting married later in life, the high rate of divorce, and the opportunity to gain a career. By view of the social structure, single parenting has changed the views of the way parents treat and raise their children. By definition, social structure is "the ordered relationships and patterned expectations that guide social interaction" (Thompson and Hickey 142). Even though there has been a decline in marriage, functionalism believes that the family is the foundation of social order. According to the sociologists Talcot Parsons, "any other type of family other than the nuclear family is dysfunctional in society because they are not suited for society's economic needs and therefore may be a potential threat to society" (2). Please do not plagiarism my paper The structural functionalist perspective views society as having a structure of several components. Family, religion, schools, state, and the economy. Each of these institutions are interrelated and interdependent (Thompson and Hickey 24). For instance marriage. The foundation of functionalism is the family. The family fulfills vital functions for instance culture, support, and status. The institute of marriage is important because functionalism ignores conflict and diversity. So functionalism, encourages marriage. Functionalism does not take into account the reasons why there are single parent families (Mills 2). In the Conflict Perspective, marriage and family do not coincide with one another. Rather conflict theorists agree that the environment and other forces shape the marriage and family. These powers "are rooted in structures of social inequality" (Eitzen and Baca-Zinn 1987:13). The Marxist view is those who have the means to produce wealth and those who don't. Capitalism is the capitalist class vs. the working class. With the divorce rate so high, single parents don't really affect capitalism. In fact, they might help benefit that economy. "Single mothers can produce cheap labor, social services not amenable to profit making, and new laborers for temporary dead-end jobs" (Thompson and Hickey 378). From the symbolic interactionist perspective, there are no fixed meanings. Marriage and family do not

What is the Relationship between the Social Definition of Deviance and the Medias Role in the Dissemination of Popular Culture

What is the Relationship between the Social Definition of Deviance and the Medias Role in the Dissemination of Popular Culture News reporting is one of the principal ways in which a society learns about itself. The main function of news media is to offer mass audience with information and account of events that occur in the world. Nevertheless, another less perceptible function is to act as an instrument of social control.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is the Relationship between the Social Definition of Deviance and the Media’s Role in the Dissemination of Popular Culture? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media plays a significant role in defining deviance and inflicting social controls, since it is the main player in interpreting public opinions and views. In this certain role, it acts as a type of deviance-defining elite that take a main part in constructing visions of stability, order and change and manipulating the control practices that agree with these visions. News media also stipulate what constitutes deviance. In the course of the regular practice of reporting news, media stations ideologically strengthen relations of ruling, sustaining the hegemonic power construction of the society wherein they are entrenched. The media also benefits the voices of those in legitimate groups such as politicians over those of deviant players. The power and social standing of sources determines their credibility, since reporters not only depend upon their objective construes, but also other sources when making news stories. News media deal with visualizing and, thus, defining deviant actions for their audience. In the course, the news media as well reproduce sound notions of community consensus and social order. Besides, the focus on deviance builds an entertainment approach that pacifies the business interests of news media groups. The television news industry, aware of its function in commercial entertainment, centers on heavily sensational, dramatic and titillating descriptions to draw and sustain a broad viewing audience. As Karl Max denotes, news media dictates to masses through creating false consciousness in the minds of the viewers. News media are among the groups that meet the criteria of what Max Weber calls the disenchantment of the contemporary world. Apparently, the role of news media in both distributing and representing public opinion and action is most evident when reporting on deviance, particularly on sub cultural youth deviance.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The predominance of television news stories that underline black youths and violence shows how news media institutions assist in shaping the process of choosing, defining and circulating social problems to the public. American films like Juice and Fresh receive national attention because they highlight the common view that crime and violence characterize the lives of African-Americans. The media pr omotes deviant behaviors by portraying black youths as pioneers of crime, violence and moral decay, since even innocent young black youths tend to adopt these behaviors so that they can live to societal expectations. Popular media has a valuable role in disseminating different cultures. It also leads to globalization, since much information concerning how people live emanates from representations of those groups in popular media. As Emile Durkheim explains, social facts originate from a prolonged interaction with others, mass media and academic education. Hence, whether such representations appear negative or positive, they have key social, political and cultural inferences. Most people obtain information about crime and the criminal justice structure from the news and entertainment media. We all interact with mass media or popular culture depending on aspects such as our social setting, opportunities, needs and interests for exposure. Yet, we do not approach the experiences of mass media/popular culture as void boxes. We all interact with the media despite our variations in age, race, ethnicity and gender. In conclusion, the media plays a significant role in defining deviance and inflicting social controls, since it is a main player in interpreting public opinions and views. Moreover, popular media has a valuable role in disseminating different cultures, since much information concerning how people live emanates from representations of those groups in popular media.

How to Survive Your Admissions Interview

How to Survive Your Admissions Interview Getting into a private school isnt as simple as just deciding to go. You must apply, which means youre going to need to submit an application, take a test  and prepare for the admission interview.   Why? Because schools want to get to know you in person to see how you will fit into their community. They have your transcripts, recommendations, and test scores to give  them a profile of your abilities. But, they also want to see the person behind all those stats and achievements. Check out these 12 tips on how to survive your admission interview: 1. Plan Ahead The interview is important, so make sure you schedule one well in advance of the interview deadlines. This also gives you time to prepare for the interview and review some potential interview questions that might be asked of you, and give you a chance to come up with some potential questions to ask your interviewer. 2. Take a Deep Breath and Relax An admission interview  can be  stressful, but theres nothing to worry about. Dont be scared and dont worry about how you look or what they will ask you; we have tips to help you with all of that. Remember: almost everybody is nervous at an interview. The admissions staff know this and will do their best to make you feel comfortable, at ease and as relaxed as possible. The trick is to not let your nerves get the better of you. Use your nerves to give you that natural edge and alertness you need to present yourself in the best light possible. 3. Be Yourself Be on your best behavior, socially speaking, but be yourself. While we all want to put our best foot forward when we interview, its important to remember that schools want to get to know you, not some perfectly poised robotic version of you that you think the interviewer wants to see.  Think positively. As a rule, the school will be trying to sell itself to you as much as you are trying to sell yourself to it. 4. Leave the Technology Behind Always turn off your cell phone, iPad and other devices before you go into the interview and put them away. It is rude to text or read messages or playing games during an interview. Even your smartwatch can be a distraction, so take a temporary hiatus from technology during your interview, which usually lasts only about 30 minutes. To avoid the temptation, leave your devices behind with your parents in the waiting room (and make sure the sound is off!).   5. Make a Good First Impression From the first moment you step foot on campus, remember that you want to make a good first impression. Greet people you meet openly, looking them in the eye, shaking hands, and saying hello. Dont whisper, dont stare at the ground and dont slouch. Good posture makes a strong impression. That goes for the interview itself, too. Sit up tall in your chair and dont jitter or fidget. Dont bite your nails or pull at your hair, and never chew gum. Be polite and respectful. Please and thank you are always appreciated and go a long way to indicating respect for authority and your elders and even your peers, should you meet other students. 6. Dress for Success Its common for students to ask, What should I wear to my private school interview? Lets remember that youre applying to private school, and most schools have strict dress codes and high standards for their students. You cant roll up to the interview looking like you just fell  out of bed and couldnt care less about the experience. Wear comfortable clothes appropriate for the occasion. Look up the schools dress code and do your best to align. You dont have to go out and buy the uniform itself if they have one, but make sure youre dressing appropriately. For girls, opt for a plain blouse and skirt or slacks, or a nice dress, and shoes that arent sneakers or flip flops. Use minimal makeup and accessories. Keep your hairstyle simple. Remember that youre applying to school, not to walk the runway. For boys, opt for a plain shirt, slacks and shoes (no sneakers) work for most situations. There is nothing wrong with expressing your individuality. Just make sure that the way you express it is appropriate. 7. Be Honest Dont lie or panic. If you dont know the answer to the interviewers question, say so. Look her in the eye and admit that you do not know the answer. Similarly, if she asks you a question you dont want to answer, dont avoid it. For example, if she asks why you failed algebra, explain why that happened and what you are doing about it. Showing that youre willing to own a mistake or problem and are actively working to fix it can go a long way. If attending their school is part of your strategy for improvement, say so. Honesty is an admirable personal quality which schools prize in an applicant.  Give truthful answers. If you are not a top student, admit it and tell the interviewer how you plan to achieve better results. Remember, they will see your transcript! Interviewers like to see an honest appraisal of ones strengths and weaknesses. If you can point to some challenge you had in your school work, for example, not understanding quadratic equations, and how you overcame that, you will impress the interviewer with your positive attitude and approach to life. This goes back to being honest. If you are honest and truthful, you will learn more and learn more easily. 8. Ask Questions Ask questions about the school, its programs, and facilities. Find out how it can help you achieve your goals. Determine as best you can how the schools philosophy meshes with yours.  Dont feel like you should ask questions just to ask, but instead, be sure to cover the topics you and your parents want to know more about. For example, you may be an avid  linguist who wants to study Mandarin. Ask in-depth questions about the Chinese Studies program, its faculty and so on. Its also important to do your research before the interview though. Dont show up asking if they have a soccer team; thats the kind of information you can easily find online. Also, dont ask a question that was already answered earlier in the interview. That shows youre not paying attention. You can, however, ask for more details about something you talked about earlier. 9. Pay  Attention Listen carefully to the questions being asked and what is being said. Is what you are hearing what you want to hear or is the school just not suitable for you? You will get a feel for that early in the interview. The last thing you want to do is zone out during the interview and not know what the interviewer said.   10. Be Thoughtful Think before you answer. Avoid mannerisms such as like and you know. Careless speech patterns can indicate a lack of discipline and general sloppiness. Standard business English is always acceptable. That does not mean that you have to repress your personality. If you are a free spirit, let that side of you show. Communicate clearly and convincingly. Make your points without being rude or overbearing. 11. Reflect When the interview is over, record your observations and compare these with your parents. Both of you will want to discuss these observations with your consultant later. Those recollections are important because they help determine which school is the best fit for you. 12. Follow Up Its important to follow up with your interviewer once its over. If theres time, send a handwritten thank you note to your interviewer. It will speak volumes for your ability to follow through and your personal sincerity. It doesnt need to be long, just a quick note thanking your interviewer for the meeting and perhaps reminding him of why you want to attend the school. If youre short on time, an email is a suitable alternative if youre on a fast track for decisions with limited time between the interview and decisions.

Racial Discrimation in the Criminal Justice System Research Paper

Racial Discrimation in the Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example Even though minimized to bare levels presently, America has been a class society defined by seclusion of the minorities over the centuries. While facially neutral, the criminal law in the United States is enforced in a massively and pervasively biased manner that has often left the minorities fighting for total-inclusion, and the 21 century is not any different. Surprisingly, the degree with which such discrimination permeates the criminal justice system has defied remedy and lingers on in an era of advanced civilization. No wonder, therefore, that crime and punishment formed the basis of rich and powerful manifestations of the racial divide characterized by chain-gang style penal practices and prosecutorial and judicial bigotry in the early history of the United States. While many scholars and politicians may deny a factual racial disparity statistics, the reality is in the open and only those interested would dare see the truth behind the numbers. A study by the American Bar Association (2007) – in a research - quoted one of the most concise accounts of the law enforcers attitude toward black offenders. A research participant declared: "All three of my boys smoked pot [growing up]. I knew it. But I also knew if one was caught he would never go to prison. But if any of my neighbors got caught," adding that his neighbors were black, "they would go to prison for 10, 12 years" (p.71). Although overt racial discrimination may have diminished to the bare minimum, perceptive fairness of the entire criminal justice system is still a myth in reality in the United States. Minorities remain overrepresented at all stages of the criminal justice process both as offenders and as victims. Nothing services this claim than the statistical evidence of a racially skewed justice system tilted in favor of the white population as depicted in racial

Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate Finance - Essay Example This will further estimate the market value of a share for each of the capital structures using the no growth share valuation model being considered and to comment on findings; to consider which capital structure is preferred under the approach; and to contrast and explain the assumptions and theoretical approaches to capital structure taken earlier. 1. (i) Explain the columns in the above tale given the scenario stated above. From the data, establish the amount of debt, the number of shares, the amount of tax and the EPS for each gearing level show workings The first column on capital structure displays the different debt to equity ratios and each capital structure has a corresponding level of debt interest rate in the second column which increases as the debt structure becomes more highly leveraged. That the direct relationship is obvious between the debt to equity ratio and the interest rate since higher debt would mean higher risk for the debtor as few creditors would be willing to lend at rate lower than contracted earlier by the debtor. This would also mean that higher level of debt in relation to capital would require the company to pay higher interest expenses to creditors in absolute amount and would also mean higher tax shield for the borrower since interest expense is tax deductible for income tax purposes. The same direct relationship is also expected on EPS which increases directly as the debt to equity ratio is increased. Further the same inference could be made with the required return on shares. This means that the investors or stockholders would require higher return for higher level of risk because of increase in debt to equity ratio or higher financial leverage. This higher required return on investment would be the same as the cost of capital that would be used in evaluating the acceptability of projects. Those falling under the

Full Time and Part Time Contracts

Full Time and Part Time Contracts As the employer you must give employees: a written statement of employment or a written contract the statutory lowest level of paid holiday a payslip proving all deductions, for example a National Insurance contributions (NICs) the statutory lowest length of breaks needed for rest Statutory Sick Pay maternity, paternity and also the adoption pay and leave required you have to as well: ensure employees dont work longer than the lowest allowed hours pay employees the minimum wage is crucial make sure you own employers liability insurance give a safe and secure working place register with HM Revenue and Customs to register the payroll, tax and NICs Allow if necessary flexible working wants stay away from discrimination in the workplace Ensure needed adjustments are made to your business ground if your employee is disabled Advantages of employing part-time workers Employing part-time people has a variety of business benefits, such as: It being a working way to keep costs down in aspects where you dont yet require full-time cover Making recruitment happen more by giving family-friendly working procedures to show clients and customers that you like having a diverse work environment and ethical employment procedures letting you to bring in highly skilled staff members who have good experience when you have a fixed budget expanding recruits if needed part-time work gets attention from parents with younger children and older also people, this is because they dont want to work full time but can prove a wealth of skills, experience. Making the ability of your business higher to act to change and peaks of requests for example, you can use more employees at peak times and make your operating hours longer by using part-time workers in the evening/weekends Trying to make a difference to make the workloads of other workers lower, for example when you dont have as much work for a new full-time place but are usually using overtime to meet wants this can lower your overtime costs and help stop the bad effects of stress and fatigue Disadvantages of employing part-time workers recruitment costs can be bigger if you were taking on a single full-time worker there can be additional costs going by pension provision, benefits and training Fixed-term contracts they have to last for a certain length of time they are set in advance so they can be planned they have to end when a certain task is done they have to end when a certain event takes place Fixed-term employees have to get the same treatment as full-time permanent staff. Agency staff As an employer, you can hire staff for only a temporary amount of time through agencies. So you pay the agency, this involves the employees National Insurance contributions and also Statutory Sick Pay its the agencys job and responsibility to ensure the workers get their rights within working time regulations After 12 weeks agency workers get the same terms and conditions as permanent employees, this involves pay, working time, periods of time needed for rest, night work, breaks and also annual leave when needed. You have to give the agency with information about the needed terms and conditions in your business so that they can make sure the worker gets equal treatment after 12 weeks in the same job you have to let the agency workers use any facilities that can be shared for example child care and provide them the knowledge about job vacancies from the day they start working there. Disadvantages for employer: Agencies act with the employer, not the jobseeker. It is within their likes to fill every post with a wanting applicant, if at any time of conflict to do with the employer and the prospective recruit should happen, agencies will try and side with the employer because thats who is paying their fee. Advantages for employee: Specialist Recruitment Agencies in your area of like will understand and your expertise They could give you objective feedback on your Application and how to promote yourself Freelancers, consultants and contractors If you require a freelancer, consultant or contractor it means that: they are listed as self-employed or are part of other companies they look after their own tax and National Insurance contributions most the time(NICs) they may not be allowed to the same rights as workers, for example when it comes to minimum wage although health and safety is still the employers responsibility

Learning Theorists

Learning Theories People have been trying to understand the learning process for over 2000 years. It was discussed and debated at great length by the Greek philosophers such as Socrates (469 – 399 SC), Plato (427 – 347 BC) and Unsettle (384 – 322 BC) (Hammond et al, 2001 This debate has carried on through the ages and still goes on today with a multitude of viewpoints on the purpose of education and how best to encourage learning to eventuate.Plato and his disciple Aristotle were Inaugural In this debate and asked if truth and knowledge were to be found inside of us, or whether they could be learned from outside by using our senses. Plato believed the truth would be found from within through reasoning, deduction and self-reflection and so brought about rationalism. On the other hand Aristotle believed the truth would be found through experience and founded the idea of empiricism and so these antithetical views were born.Aristotle approach was far more scientific compared to Socrates' dialectic method of discovery through conversations with fellow citizens. An approach that calls for discussion and reflection, as tools for developing thinking, owe such to Socrates and Plato (Hammond et al, 2001 Learning theory Is about learning as a process and how it may take place. It is about how information can be absorbed, processed and retained and the influence that emotions, environment and mental processes can have on acquiring, augmenting and modifying knowledge and skills.Having knowledge of learning theory equips teachers to better understand the multitudinous categories of learners they will encounter and the numerous strategies they can employ to create an effective learning environment. Although the Greek philosophers are considered to be some of the earliest thinkers on learning, it as not until the mid 1 ass's when psychology emerged as a separate discipline that any new learning theories emerged.The first of these was behaviorism, which was brought to prominence by Ivan Pavlov (1849 – 1936) who won the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his experiments on digestive glands for which he experimented with dogs. Behaviorism are of the opinion that learners are passive and respond to stimuli and do not take in to account internal mental states or consciousness. Gestalts came to prominence In Germany in 1910 when there was social turmoil in Europe but had moved to the US by the sass's to avoid persecution.The lead figures In this movement were Worthwhile, Kafka and Koehler who utilities a holistic approach that sought to reject the mechanistic perspectives of the behaviorist's. Considered to be the first educational psychologist, Edward Thornier continued with the behaviorism theory believing learning was incremental and achieved through a trial and error approach with B. F. Skinner, considered by many to be the father of modern behaviorism, developing this theory further with programmed learning (Seaworthy et al, 2004).Behavio rism learning theory had a substantial influence in education but here was a growing body of evidence that more complex tasks requiring a higher level of thinking were not well learned this way with Jean Pigged (1 896 ? 1 980) being the first to state that learning was a developmental cognitive process. Russian teacher Level Boycotts expanded Piglet's developmental theory of cognitive abilities to were both leaders in the cognitive approach that sees the mind as a â€Å"black box† and this box should be opened and understood.This paradigm did not really come to prominence until the early sass's when it replaced behaviorism as the dominant force (Anon ND). In the sass's we also saw the emergence of Humanist learning theory. Some of the preeminent advocates of this field were Abraham Moscow (1908 – 1970) and Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987) who believed that learning was viewed as a personal act to fulfill one's potential and that it is also necessary to study the person as a whole. Humanists were the first to promote learning as being student-centered and personalized and that you should not teach, but facilitate, the learner (Anon ND).The sass's saw the emergence of social learning theory with its key progenitor being Albert Bandeau (1925 – Present). It posits that we learn through observation, imitation and modeling and this theory is often seen as the bridge between behaviorism and cosmogonist. Although the work that edifies it spans the twentieth century, Constructivism was only mainstreamed through practice in the latter part of the century. Many of the theorists that are drawn upon are linked with other learning ideologies; these theorists include Weights, Lave and Winger, Burner and Pigged.This theory posits that learning is an active constructive process where the learner creates his or her own subjective representations of objective reality. They do not come along as a blank slate (Seaworthy, 2004) but rather bring along their past experiences and cultural perspective. The first theorist I am going to look at is Abraham Moscow who was a prominent Humanist. Early in his career he worked with rhesus monkeys and one of the interesting things he noticed was the way that some needs took precedence over others.For example, if you were hungry and thirsty you would tend to deal with the thirst first, as you can go without food for weeks but thirst will kill you after Just days. Moscow felt that the conditioning theories did not, to is satisfaction, capture the complexities of human behavior and was of the opinion that human actions were driven toward goal attainment. He stated that human motivation is based on people seeking fulfillment and change through personal growth (Anon ND). In 1943 Moscow wrote a paper entitled â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation† which talked about self-actualization.Moscow described a person who was fulfilled and doing all they were capable of as being self-actualities. Before a perso n can achieve this state however, there are other needs that first need to be met. These needs can be seen in Mascots hierarchy, this is often depicted as a pyramid as shown (Moscow,1943). This hierarchy shows that the basic physiological needs have to be met before the higher needs can be addressed. If the physiological needs are relatively well gratified then there emerges a new set of needs, in this case safety.When a persons physiological and safety needs are satisfied the need for love and belongingness emerges. This process continues until all the needs are fulfilled and the person can achieve self-actualization. It is important to note that Mascots original five stage del has been adapted by other researchers to create both seven and eight stage hierarchies but I am dealing with Moscow so will not go any further in to them. His needs – air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep etc. Safety needs – protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stabil ity, etc. : belongingness and love needs – work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. : esteem needs – self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. : self-actualization needs – realizing personal potential, self- fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Through knowledge of Mascots hierarchy I can better understand the needs of the individual and the impact this has on their motivation and learning.To be truly effective in its implementation I would have to appreciate the needs of every learner, which could be at different stages for each individual in the class. These individuals could also be in a state of flux from one week to another. It is unrealistic to expect to comprehend all their requirements, even with a deep understanding of this theory. I believe the best use of this theory is to inform me of their possible state so that I might be more homeopathic towards the m and understand the issues they may have. The best way to help them work towards self-actualization is for them to be self-aware and understand their own needs.When they arrive at class they will already have had a long day at work, often without enough time to eat. They will also be tired; although my class is at least theory, so is less physically demanding than their practical lessons in the workshop. I do try to take some of these things in to account and will allow them to bring food and drink in to the class if they so desire. I am able to meet heir safety needs such as protection from the elements, security, order, limits and stability. These needs are part of the College safeguarding policy so should always be in place.If I can manage to help them feel belongingness, which I feel they do achieve, then I am also creating a more inclusive environment for them. I feel it is important to be aware of these needs to create a better learning situation for my students. A criticism I have is that Moscow made an assumption that the needs must be satisfied in order, so that the basic physiological need must be satisfied before hey can achieve safety and only once safety is achieved can they go to concern themselves with belongingness and so on through the hierarchy.This is shown to be false, for example, if you were to study large cultures where large numbers of the population live in poverty, like India or Brazil then you see that these people can still achieve higher order needs such as love and belongingness (McLeod, 2007). According to Moscow this should not occur. If we were also to look at many creative people, such as artists like Rembrandt or Van Gogh, it could be argued that they achieved self-actualization yet lived their lives in poverty (McLeod, 2007). I will still apply this theory even with its flaws because it is not abjectly wrong and still believe it holds a lot of truth.Another humanist that I feel bears great relevance to my current teaching p ost is Malcolm Knowles (1913 – 1997). He was a champion for androgyny, self-direction in learning and informal adult education (Smith, 2002). I will not talk about informal adult education, as it does not apply to my situation. The concept of androgyny had been in sporadic use since the sass's but it was popularized for usage in English language by Malcolm Knowles. He believed that adults learned differently from children, which caused him to enquire further. His work on informal adult education and his charting of adult education in the United education.He used androgyny to bring these elements together, which was premised on at least four critical presuppositions about the characteristics of adult learners that differed from child learners, on which traditional pedagogy is based. Later a fifth assumption was added. These were as follows: self concept: As a person matures his self concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self directed hum an being. Experience: As a person matures they accumulate a growing reservoir of experience that becomes an increasing resource for learning. Readiness to learn: As a person matures their readiness to learn becomes increasingly orientated to the developmental tasks of their social roles. : orientation to learning: As a person matures their time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of application, and accordingly their orientation toward learning shifts from of subject centeredness to one of problem centeredness. : motivation to learn: As a person matures the motivation to learn is internal (Knowles 1984:12).Knowles has caused considerable debate with his assertions and claims of difference between androgyny and pedagogy with useful critiques of the notion being found in Davenport (1993), Jarvis (1987) and Tenant (1996). He has taken ideas from psychologists working in two quite different and opposing traditions, that of the humanist and the behaviorism. From the one side he has extensively used a model of relationship derived from humanistic clinical psychology, in particular drawing on the work of Carl Rogers who argued the qualities of good facilitation.He has also drawn on other elements that owe a great deal to scientific curriculum making and behavior modification. It has been suggested that because he has used ideas from two opposing traditions that there is a lack of evidence around this model. Knowles is not clear whether he has provided us with a theory or a set of guidelines for practice (Heartier, 1984). The assumptions could be read as descriptions or as prescriptive statements about what the adult learner should be. Tenant (1988) made a point that there was a lack of interrogation within a coherent and consistent conceptual framework.It seems that Knowles did not temper his insights with enough analysis and interrogation of the literature of the arena. Malcolm Knowles also introduced us to self-directed l earning, which is where the individual takes the initiative to realize their needs, resources and goals for learning and to evaluate the outcomes. There are three immediate reasons identified for self-directed learning. First those who take the initiative in learning are pro-active learners and will learn better than those who wait to be taught, reactive learners.Second is that it is far more natural that as we mature we take more responsibility for our own lives and become far more self-directed. Finally the third reason is that developments in education are putting a greater emphasis on students to take the initiative for their own learning. This can also be seen as a long-term reason as the purpose of education is evolving, it is moving away from merely transmitting what is known to now developing the skills of enquiry. Knowles then put the idea of self- direction in to packaged forms of activity and created his five step model. This involved: diagnosing learning needs. Formulati ng learning needs. : identifying human material resources for learning. Choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies. : evaluating learning outcomes. There is research that indicates that adults circumstance (Smith, 2002) and I feel that this is certainly true of many of my learners. The opportunity arose within their current life circumstances to participate in the course and if there were places available they took them. If all the places had gone they may not bother to take up a learning opportunity again, unless of course the circumstances were again in their favor.I feel that the ideas' of Malcolm Knowles are useful to guide what I ought to term my ontological approach to my earners. They are no longer children and should not be treated as such. His approach can inform me of what characteristics my learners may exhibit so that I may better facilitate their learning and create a more inclusive environment. It could certainly be said that my students need to be self- directed as the qualification they are taking is equivalent to a full time course but only has part time contact hours.It requires them to do a lot a reading around the subject, being self-directed in their approach. Overall I must be critical of Knowles for his own lack of a sharp critical edge with much of his writings being more descriptive and his lack of analysis of the literature within his field. Finally, I shall examine Jean Lave and Tontine Winger (1991) who developed the theory of situated learning, sometimes referred to as situated activity. This has a central defining characteristic known as legitimate peripheral participation which is not itself an educational form, much less a pedagogical strategy or a teaching technique.It is an analytical viewpoint on learning that makes a fundamental distinction between learning and intentional instruction. Rather the process of legitimate peripheral participation is usually unintentional. Situated learning contrasts with traditiona l classroom learning activities where abstract knowledge is learnt out of context with intentional instruction. This approach lends itself very well to vocational courses and especially apprenticeships where much of the learning takes place in the situation where the learning will be applied. It is not dissimilar to cognitive apprenticeship.Lave and Winger (1991) with their model of situated learning proposed that learning involved a process known as â€Å"communities of practice†. These communities are everywhere and we are often involved in a number of them. People with a shared domain of human endeavourer can engage in a process of learning by forming communities of practice. To put it more simplistically, learning takes place through social interaction. To this end, learning in these situations does not have a beginning and an end to the process, rather we are constantly learning through experience of everyday life.Their theory can be illustrated by observation of differe nt apprenticeships. When people initially Join the community they learn at the periphery, then as they become more competent they an become more involved in the processes in that particular community. Understanding this theory is very useful in my sector as when we get the students it is their initial training and they are not always involved in the industry they are training to enter. The situated learning will probably not play a big part in this initial training, but once they have gained the qualification and go out to work then they will be Joining their community of practice.Over time, through interaction with more experienced others within the industry, they will learn and become more proficient ND play a bigger role in their community. In this respect it could be argued that this is an important theory for all educators as ultimately we are educating our learners strong links between this and embedded learning that also takes place on vocational qualifications. I would strug gle to see how this theory could be applied to more formal qualifications where much of the knowledge will often remain abstract because that is its nature.Mathematics would be an example of this; it can be conceptualizes, as engineering math's for example, but is not really a subject matter o be situated. In conclusion learning theories can inform us on our learners and guide us through our teaching practice. They can be used to develop activities to bring otherwise dull subject matter to life and to create a more inclusive learning environment by applying different teaching methods based on these theories. The trouble is that the modern teacher is struggling for time, most of the time and these theories and their practice will involve some dedication for them to be implemented effectively.

All That Money I Won The Lottery - 860 Words

Imagine that I won the lottery. What will I do with all that money I just won? Would I spend it on luxuries, things for myself? Yes. However, I would also give money out to the schools and homeless shelters that are helping children who have faced traumatic stress. In Laura Tillman’s article, â€Å"What does it take for traumatized kids to thrive?† describes a school that kids attend for misbehavior problems, but the reason kids end up at the school is because they have experienced some type of trauma in their lifetime. As someone who has never really face a serious type of trauma, I was surprised at what kids face and go through in their everyday life’s. As I had found in Laura Tillman’s article to be inspiring, very descriptive and supportive of the obstacles that people face in their everyday lives. First in Tillman article, the one thing that I had found inspiring, was how the new principal Jim Sporleder came into a â€Å"run down† school and was there to help out the students with behavior problems. Sporleder and the helping hands of his students were able to rename the school to make it feel like a safe environment for the students. Tillman’s expression of â€Å"dysfunctional campus† and â€Å"dumping ground† showed an imagery of what the horrible environment the youth was facing. The article really touched me by how Sporleder helped make a school that was nothing into something for the children. Tillman expressed how Sporleder made the school feel like a safe environment for theShow MoreRelatedShould Buying Lottery Tickets?859 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"More lottery tickets were spent than video games, movie tickets, books and sporting events combined† (â€Å"Inside America†). About 1 in 2 million of those lottery tickets are winner s. 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